Musculoskeletal Signs. Anterior drawer test. Apley’s grind test. Apley’s scratch test. Apparent leg length inequality (functional leg length). Apprehension test (crank test). Apprehension–relocation test (Fowler’s sign). Bouchard’s and Heberden’s nodes. Boutonnière deformity. Bulge/wipe/stroke test. Butterfly rash (malar rash). Calcinosis/calcinosis cutis. Charcot’s foot. Crepitus. Dropped arm test. Finkelstein’s test. Gottron’s papules. Hawkins’ impingement sign. Heliotrope rash. Kyphosis. Lachman’s test/sign. Livedo reticularis. Respiratory Signs. Accessory muscle breathing. Agonal respiration. Apneustic breathing (also apneusis). Apnoea. Asterixis. Asymmetrical chest expansion. Asynchronous respiration. Ataxic (Biot’s) breathing. Barrel chest. Bradypnoea. Bronchial breath sounds. Cough reflex. Crackles (rales). Dyspnoea. Cardiovascular Signs. Apex beat (also cardiac impulse. Apex beat: displaced. Apex beat: hyperdynamic apical impulse/volume-loaded. Apex beat: left ventricular heave/sustained apical impulse/pressure-loaded apex. Arterial pulse. Arterial pulse: anacrotic. Arterial pulse: bigeminal. Arterial pulse: dicrotic. Arterial pulse: pulsus alternans. Arterial pulse: pulsus bisferiens. Haematological/Oncological Signs. Angular stomatitis. Atrophic glossitis. Bone tenderness/bone pain. Chipmunk facies. Conjunctival pallor. Ecchymoses, purpura and petechiae. Gum hypertrophy (gingival hyperplasia). Haemolytic/pre-hepatic jaundice. Neurological Signs. Abducens nerve (CNVI) palsy. Anisocoria. Anosmia. Argyll Robertson pupils and light–near dissociation. Ataxic gait. Gastroenterological Signs. Ascites. Asterixis (also hepatic flap). Bowel sounds. Endocrinological Signs. Acanthosis nigricans (AN). Angioid streaks. Atrophic testicles. Ballotable kidney. Bruising. -- Chvostek’s sign. Cushing body habitus. Diabetic amyotrophy (lumbar plexopathy). Diabetic retinopathy. Frontal bossing.