Introduction to clinical medicine. Cardinal manifestations of diseases. Pain. Alterations in body temperatura. Nevous system dysfuntion. Disorders of eyes, aers, nose, and throat. Alterations in circulatory and respiratory functions. Alterations in gastrointestinal function. Alterations in renal and urinary tract function. Alterations in sexual function and reproduction. – Alterations in the skin. Hematologic alterations. Genetics and diseases. Nutrition. Oncology and hematology. Hematopoietic disorders. Disorders of hemostasis. Infectious diseases. Basic considerations in infectious diseases. Clinical syndromes: community-acquired infections. Clinical syndromes: nosocomial infections. Approach to therapy for bacterial diseases. Diseases caused by gram-positive bacteria. Diseases caused by gram-negative bacteria. Micellaneous bacterial infections. Mycobacterial diseases. Spirochetal diseases. Diseases caused by richettsia, mycoplasma, and chlamydia. Viral diseases: general considerations. Infections due to DNA viruses. Infections due to DNA and RNA respiratory viruses. Infections due to human immnodeficiency virus and other human retroviruses. Infections due to RNA viruses. Fungal and algal infections. Protozoal and helminthic infections: general considerations. Protozoal infections. Helminthic infections. Bioterrorism and clinical medicine. Disorders of the cardiovascular system. Diagnosis of cardiovascular disorders. Disorders of rhythm. Disorders of the heart. Vacular disease. Disorders of the respiratory system. Diagnosis of respiratory disorders. Diseases of the respiratory system. Critical care medicine. Respiratory critical care. Shock and cardiac arrest. Neurologic critical care. Disorders of the kidney and urimary tract. Disorders of the gastrointestinal system. Disorders of the alimentary tract. Liver and biliary tract disease. Disorders of the pancreas. Disorders of the immune system, connective tissue, and joints. The immune system in health and disease. Disorders of immune-mediated injury. Disorders of the joints and adjacent tissues. Endocrinology and metabolism. Disorders of bone and mineral metabolism. Disorders of intermediary metabolism. Neurologic disorders. Diagnosis of neurologic disoders. Diseases of the central nervous system. Nerve and muscle disorders. Chronic fatigue syndrome. Psychiatric disorders. Alcoholism and drug dependency. Poisoning, drug averdose, and envenomation.