Drug invention and the pharmaceutical industry. Pharmacokinetics: the dynamics of drug adsorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination. Pharmacodynamics: molecular mechanisms of drug action. Drug toxicity and poisoning. Membrane transporters and drug response. Drug metabolism. Pharmacogenetics. Neurotransmission: the autonomic and somatic motor nervous systems. Muscarinic receptor agonists. Anticholinesterase agents. Agents acting at the neuromuscular juntion and autonomic ganglia. Adrenergic agosnists and antagonists. Hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) and dopamine. Neurotransmission and the central nervous system. Drug therapy of depression and anxiety disorders. Pharmacotherapy of psychosis and mania. Hypnotics and sedatives. Opioids, analgesia, and pain management. General anesthetics and therapeutic gases. Local anesthetics. Pharmacotherapy of the epilepsies. Treatment central nervous system degenerative disorders. Ethanol and metanol. Drug addiction. Regulation of renal function and vascular volume. Renin and angiotensin. Treatment of Myocardial ischemia and hypertension. Pharmacotherapy of congestive heart failure. Anti-Arrhythmic drugs. Blood coagulation and anticoagulant fibrinolytic, and antiplatelet drugs. Drug therapy for hypercholesterolemia and dyslipidemia. Histamine, bradykinin, and their antaginists. Lipid-derived autacoids: eicosanoids and platelet-activating factor. Anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic agents; Pharmacotherapy of gout. Immunosuppressants, tolerogens, and immunostimulants. Pulmonary pharmacology. Hematopoietic agents: growth factors, mineral, and vitamins. Introduction to endocrinology: the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Thyroid and anti-thyroid drugs. Estrogens and progestins. Androgens. ACTH, adrenal steroids, and pharmacology of the adrenal cortex. Endocrine pnacreas and pharmacotherapy of diabetes mellitus and hypoglycemia. Agents affecting mineral Ion homeostasis and bone turnover. Pharmacotherapy of gastric acidity, peptic ulcers, and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Treatment of disorders of bowel motility and water flux; anti-emetics; agents used in biliary and pancreatic disease. Pharmacotherapy of inflammatory bowel disease. General principles of antimicrobial therapy. Chenotherapy of malaria. – Chemotherapy of protozoal infections: amebiasis, giardiasis, trichomoniasis, trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and other protozoal infections. Chemotherapy of helminth infections. Sulfonamides, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, quinolones, and agents for urinary tract infections. Penicillins, cephalosporins, and other ß-lactam atibiotics. Aminoglycosides. Protein synthesis inhibitors and miscellaneous antibacterial agents. Chenotherapy of tuberculosis, mycobacterium avium complex disease, and leprosy. Antifungal agents. Antiviral agents (nonretroviral). Antiretroviral agents and treatment of HIV infection. Genral principles of cáncer chemotherapy. Cytotoxic agents. targeted therapies: tyrosine kinase inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, and cytokines. Natural products in cancer chemotherapy: hormones and related agents. Ocular pharmacology. Dermatological phamacology. Contraception and pharmacotherapy of onstetrical and gynecological disorders. Environmental toxicology; carcinogens and heavy metals. Principles of prescription order writing and patient compliance. Desing and optimization of dosage regimens: pharmacokinetic data.